When was venustiano carranza born

His inability to compromise led to several severe setbacks. Although he was personally honest, he seemed indifferent to corruption in those who surrounded him. Carranza did not contribute much to Madero's rebellion but was rewarded with the post of minister of war in Madero's cabinet, which infuriated revolutionaries such as Pancho Villa and Pascual Orozco.

Carranza's union with Madero was always tenuous, as Carranza was not a true believer in reform and he felt that a firmer hand preferably his was needed to rule Mexico. Huerta made himself president and Carranza rebelled. He drafted a Constitution that he named the Plan of Guadalupe and took to the field with a growing army. Carranza's small force largely sat out the early part of the revolt against Huerta.

United only by their hatred of Huerta, they turned on one another when their combined forces deposed him in Carranza had set up a government with himself as the head.

This government printed money, passed laws, etc. Hostilities with Villa and Zapata broke out almost immediately. Carranza also held Mexico's two main ports and, therefore, was collecting more revenue than Villa.

By the end of , Villa was on the run and the United States government recognized Carranza as Mexico's leader. With Villa and Zapata out of the picture, Carranza was officially elected president in He brought very little change, however, and those who truly wanted to see a new, more liberal Mexico after the revolution were disappointed.

Carranza attempted to crush his former ally, as he already had his handpicked successor in Ignacio Bonillas. Carranza headed to Veracruz to regroup, but the trains were attacked and he was forced to abandon them and go overland.

It was in his term of office that the current constitution was ratified. See More Mexican Holidays. The Best Insurance Option. Subsequently, Villa's raid on Columbus, N. Carranza's Germanophile neutrality during World War I added to the difficulties. The grounds for differences shifted when the Constitution of was adopted, with its implied threat to American interests in Mexico. A radical group of revolutionary soldiers revised his draft proposal to include articles strengthening the state and weakening the Church and restricting large landowners and foreign investors through national control of the subsoil, agrarian reform, and protection for labor.

Carranza contributed significantly to the Mexican social revolution by his acceptance and promulgation of the Constitution, which provided the movement with its legal framework, even though the document differed so greatly from what he had proposed. The bearded, stubborn Carranza, his thoughts and emotions masked behind dark lenses, did not aggressively enforce the new fundamental law after he was elected to the presidency.

In , Garza Galan was up for re-election for the second time. When it became clear that the elections were not going to be democratic, Emilio Carranza, along with his father and his brothers Jesus and Sebastian, decided to take up arms. That was the only armed revolt that was successful during the Porfiriato. From this episode, Venustiano was very close to Bernardo Reyes. Brothers Venustiano and Emilio Carranza had very successful political careers.

Emilio was the municipal president of Ocampo and local deputy but died in Venustiano was president of his municipality for three consecutive periods, from to After his brother's death, he was elected local deputy. This position made it easier for him to enter national politics. Venustiano requested resources for the schools. When he was not given them, he made changes in the budget and dismissed unnecessary civil servants so that he could spend less and pay more teachers.

He proposed to Miguel Cardenas, already governor, to update the list of properties in Coahuila in order to distribute the taxes more fairly; he also asked him to approve and send to the local Congress a reform proposal that included charging a one percent tax on anyone earning more than 40 pesos except teachers and public employees , as well as abolishing the milk tax. He also suggested that the state Congress reform the law to prevent doctors from abusing the poor.

Just before Venustiano finished his third term as municipal president he was elected local deputy for the district of Monclova, a position he had held since Then, almost immediately, he entered the Senate of the Republic for the state of Coahuila.

In , Venustiano wrote to the governor of his entity and told him:. Local governments should not spend so much on municipal governments. Also, there is a great need to hire more rural teachers to teach children to write. For me, public officials should be the first to enforce the law and respect the authorities, otherwise, they should be seriously punished.

Although Carranza was in Congress in Mexico City, he continued to express his opinion on local politics. In the city, he had the opportunity to learn about the legislative process and the way politics are done in the center of the country.

While Governor Cardenas was out of state, the local Congress appointed Carranza as a temporary governor. During his time in office, he pushed for some reforms and organized a political movement to support them.

The temporary government lasted only a couple of months. Carranza held office from September 25 to November 21, By that time, he was already an experienced politician, had been a local judge, municipal president, local deputy, and senator.

Francisco Madero considered Carranza to be an honest man, and even though he did not totally agree with him, he told a friend:. As a temporary governor, Carranza used the support of Miguel Cardenas, his contacts, and his family in Coahuila and all his experience to build his own way of doing politics and showed that, without being a revolutionary, some political and social reforms could be made. Even Francisco Madero said:. Madero and Carranza were never good friends or partners, but they worked together to face the local elections, in which Venustiano would run for governor.

Unfortunately, though no one would have thought so, that alliance weakened them. Madero inherited the organization and strength of the political party. After losing the election, Carranza returned to the Senate in Mexico City. There he waited for the presidential election. Diaz decided to put him in jail, so Madero wrote to Carranza to tell him that he was going to revolt and that when he did so he would demand that Carranza be recognized as the provisional governor of Coahuila.

The revolution Madero had called for on November 20, , was a failure. Madero had escaped to the United States and had to wait until February to cross the border. When he established his provisional government in the customs building outside Ciudad Juarez, he appointed Carranza as Secretary of War. After the fall of Diaz, Mexico experienced very profound changes. No one imagined a country "in the absence of Don Porfirio".

The Revolution raised hopes that everyone in Mexico would be equal before the law, something that had never happened before, which generated specific demands and attitudes. In Coahuila, the peons refused to work and demanded to become owners of the land and water, as well as to be forgiven their debts.

Ranchers demanded the reopening of roads to transport their cattle and sell them across the border. The small landowners wanted their property back.

The indigenous people demanded that their communal lands and water rights be returned to them. Sometimes these demands led to attitudes of hate or discrimination. The latter occurred throughout the country, even in places that had not experienced revolutionary violence.

Since there were several middle-class groups that were organized and active, political competition in Coahuila increased greatly, which generated a fierce fight between Maderistas and Reyistas, especially after Bernardo Reyes returned from Europe and accepted a presidential candidacy to compete against Madero.

Furthermore, during and there were many labor conflicts in Coahuila, especially around the mines. Expressions against foreigners and demands for better living conditions also became very frequent. For all these reasons, Carranza decided to concentrate on the restoration of peace. He also did his best to ensure that the Constitution was respected and justice worked in his state.

However, he recognized that to restore peace, some of the demands of the revolutionaries would have to be put off. For him, the most important thing was to carry out educational and tax reforms. Carranza authorized an increase in the budget for basic and intermediate education; he opened nine evening schools for adults and supported education inside prisons. He also eliminated personal taxes and other obligations he considered unfair or inefficient.

To serve workers, he created special commissions to mediate between employees and industries. Furthermore, he began a campaign to improve health conditions in the state, which yielded its first results by the fall of Carranza resigned from the governorship again in order to compete in the gubernatorial elections.

He campaigned all over the state, promising a strong government, capable of collecting taxes, but always respectful of the law; a government that could help solve the problems between workers and capitalists; that was capable of educating and moralizing society, and that respected individual liberties, but with order and progress. Carranza won the election and became governor of the state on November 22, , just over two weeks after Madero became president.

During his 15 months at the helm of Coahuila's government, he implemented educational, tax, labor, and political reforms; took steps to improve the state's health and justice systems, military recruitment, and the efficiency of the economy; and tackled some of the problems in the countryside and water use in Coahuila. Carranza's priority was education. He was willing to sacrifice other programs to cover the costs of rebuilding the educational system: he increased the number of schools, renovated and equipped the existing ones, and opened evening schools for working adults.

He also signed a law to ensure that municipalities could appoint their academic and administrative staff, provided financial support to help rural schools, and ensured that teachers were always well paid.