Who is credited with the introduction of al jabr

Wow, you sound like an utter moron. You have no clue what you are talking about. When new evidence comes up, it is the responsibility of a true scientist and someone who supports the TRUTH to look at it. Instead you are soooo indoctrinated you refuse to look at the facts. What you are trying to do is rip off the Indians. That is a fact. There were many Indians that would visit and work in the arabs areas even during ancient times to this day.

They just found digs in India, Haryana area, that has the oldest civilizations in the world. Also these are the largest. We are talking over a million in each city. And they found over 7 of them. These cities were complex cities, and to make and run such huge complex cities they needed complex mathematics and language. So it is logical algebra came from India. Actually look up Pandit and Gupta. Or go go back to your flying carpets and belly dancing.

And let the big boys handle the facts and science. Because obviously you have none. Egyptians were using complex mathematics back years ago.

So, can we say that Gupta got his math from them? As far as Indus civilizations is concerned they settled and farming began around BCE and around BCE there appeared to be the first signs of urbanization.

Look at you. Just want to hold on to something with out any evidence. I actually gave you facts. Prove it. Al-Khwarizmi should be given credit for taking Pandit and Greek ideas, and putting it in one book. He was an appropriator. And that is what he should be given credit for. And it makes sense. That is exactly what Al-Khwarizmi did. He admits it in his own title of his book that it was a gathering of information from many different sources. Rakhigarhi BCE : For the uneducated, that is years old.

Look it up. Kunal BCE : That is years old. There are over 40 to 50 different sites like this. Some of which were larger than a million people. And over 8, years in age.

But many scholars are predicting, based on their location, it is over 10, years old. You just want to insult. You have proven it here. It must be the nature of your culture. Even the number system, base 10 system, is Indian. Those who support Al-Khwarizmi point to the fact that he gave an exhaustive explanation for the algebraic solution of quadratic equations with positive roots, [9] introduced the fundamental methods of reduction and balancing, [2] and was the first to teach algebra in an elementary form and for its own sake, whereas Diophantus was primarily concerned with the theory of numbers.

Rashed and Angela Armstrong write:. Al-Khwarizmi, who died around CE, wrote more than half a dozen mathematical and astronomical works; some of which were based on the Indian Sindhind. This is the operation which Al-Khwarizmi originally described as al-jabr. Al-Jabr is divided into six chapters, each of which deals with a different type of formula. In Al-Jabr , al-Khwarizmi uses geometric proofs.

The book was a compilation and extension of known rules for solving quadratic equations and for some other problems, and considered to be the foundation of modern algebra , establishing it as an independent discipline. The book was introduced to the Western world by the Latin translation of Robert of Chester entitled Liber algebrae et almucabola [19] , hence "algebra".

Since the book does not give any citations to previous authors, it is not clearly known what earlier works were used by al-Khwarizmi, and modern mathematical historians put forth opinions based on the textual analysis of the book and the overall body of knowledge of the contemporary Muslim world.

The book reduces arbitrary quadratic equations to one of the six basic types and provides algebraic and geometric methods to solve the basic ones. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi is known as the "Father of algebra". The book provides a systematic solution for linear and quadratic equations. According to Al-Khwarizmi, the word algebra is described as 'reduction' and 'balancing' of subtracted terms that is a transposition to other sides of the equation cancellation of like terms.

There are three critical developmental stages in "Symbolic Algebra" which is as follows :. It was developed by ancient Babylonians where the equation was written in the form of words that remained up to the 16th century. Its expression first appeared in Diophantus Arithmetica 3rd century Brahmagupta 's " Brahmagupta's sputa Siddhanta " 9th century , where few symbols were used, and subtraction was used only once in the equation.

At this stage, all the symbols were used in Algebra. Francois Viete fully developed it in the 16th century. Rene Descartes introduced a modern notation that can solve geometrical problems in terms of algebra known as Cartesian Geometry.

In early algebra, Quadratic equations played an important role, where it is said to belong one among the above three equations. The Greeks and Vedic Indian Mathematicians developed two more stages of algebra which lie between rhetorical and syncopated stages known as Geometric Constructive stages. Ancient Babylonians developed a rhetorical stage of algebra where equations were written in the form of words. They used linear interpolation to approximate intermediate values as they were not interested more in exact solutions.

Plimpton tablet, one of the most famous tablets designed around - BC gives the tables of "Pythagorean Triplets". Ahmed, an Egyptian mathematician , wrote an Egyptian Papyrus in BC known as "The Rhind Papyrus" which is considered to be the most extensive ancient Egyptian Mathematical document in history.

They mainly used linear equations. The equations were solved by "method of false position" or "regular falsi" , in which a specific value is substituted to the left-hand side of the equation, and the obtained answer, after performing the required arithmetic operation is compared to the right-hand side of the equation.

It is one of the most influential books that gives solutions for determining and indeterminate simultaneous linear equations using both positive and negative numbers. In one of the problems, it has a solution for five unknowns in four equations.

LI ZHI wrote this book where he solved equations with the highest degree as six by using Horner's method. Ch'in Chiu-Shao , a wealthy governor and minister, invented the Chinese Remainder Theorem to solve simultaneous congruences. In this book, the author Yang Hui formed a magic square or matrix by placing coefficients and constants to solve simultaneous linear equations.

Chu Shih-Chieh wrote this book in where unknown quantities in algebraic equations were represented as heaven, man, earth, and matter. Horner's method is used to solve the simultaneous equation with the highest degree of fourteen. Precious mirror of the four elements. The Greek mathematician represented the sides of geometric objects, lines, and letters associated with them, which is called Geometric Algebra.

They invented " The application of areas " to obtain the solutions for equations solved in geometric algebra. Following are few Greek mathematicians whose contribution are the milestone in the history of Algebra :. Euclid Of Alexandria called as " Father of Geometry ".

He wrote a textbook named " Elements " which provides the Framework for generalizing formulae beyond the solution of particular problems into more general systems of stating and solving equations.

In Euclid's time, line segments were considered magnitudes. They were solved using the theory of Geometry, which in modern algebra is nothing but solving known and unknown magnitudes applying arithmetic operations. There are fourteen propositions in Book ii, which are now known as Geometric equivalents and trigonometry. Data was another book written by Euclid for the school of Alexandria. It contains fifteen definitions and ninety-five statements which serve as algebraic rules and formulas.

This does not sound like the contents of an algebra text, and indeed only the first part of the book is a discussion of what we would today recognize as algebra. However it is important to realize that the book was intended to be highly practical, and that algebra was introduced to solve real life problems that were part of everyday life in the Islamic empire at that time.

After introducing the natural numbers, he discusses the solution of equations. His equations are linear or quadratic and are composed of units numbers , roots x and squares x2. He first reduces an equation to one of 6 standard forms, using the operations of addition and subtraction, and then shows how to solve these standard types of equations. He uses both algebraic methods of solution and the geometric method of completing the square.

He then goes on to look at rules for finding the area of figures such as the circle, and also finding the volume of solids such as the sphere, cone, and pyramid.

This section on mensuration certainly has more in common with Hindu and Hebrew texts than it does with any Greek work. The final part of the book deals with the complicated Islamic rules for inheritance, but requires little from the earlier algebra beyond solving linear equations. Each chapter was followed by geometrical demonstration and then many problems were worked out.

Some of his problems were formal while others were in practical context. An example of his formal problem follows:. Therefore, add this to the four, giving 16 roots. This 16 is the root of the square. He works six days. How much of the agreed price should he receive? What we have proposed, is explained as follows. The month, i. Six days represents the quantity, and in asking what part of the agreed price is due to the worker you ask the cost.

Therefore multiply the price 10 by the quantity 6, which is inversely proportional to it. Divide the product 60 by the measure 30, giving 2 Dollars. This will be the cost, and will represent the amount due to the worker. The text book of Algebra was intended to be highly practical and it was introduced to solve real life problems that were part of everyday life in the Islamic world at that time.

Early in the book al- Khwarizmi wrote I also observed that every number is composed of units, and that any number may be divided into units. Moreover, I found that every number which may be expressed from one to ten, surpasses the preceding by one unit: afterwards the ten is doubled or tripled just as before the units were: thus arise twenty, thirty, etc.

Having introduced the natural numbers, al-Khwarizmi introduces the main topic of this first section of his book, namely the solution of equations. His equations are linear or quadratic and are composed of units, roots and squares. For example, to al-Khwarizmi a unit was a number, a root was x, and a square was x2.

He first reduces an equation linear or quadratic to one of six standard forms:. Squares equal to roots. Squares equal to numbers. Roots equal to numbers. Squares and roots equal to numbers. Squares and numbers equal to roots. Roots and numbers equal to squares. The reduction is carried out using the two operations of al-jabr and al-muqabala.

Al-Khwarizmi then shows how to solve the six standard types of equations. He uses both algebraic methods of solution and geometric methods. The question therefore in this type of equation is about as follows: what is the square which combined with ten of its roots will give a sum total of 39?

The manner of solving this type of equation is to take one-half of the roots just mentioned. Now the roots in the problem before us are Therefore take 5, which multiplied by itself, gives 25, and an amount which you add to 39 giving